Conversation 1

Student: Ms. Wilson, how can we get a good grade on this paper?

Teacher: First you need to write a good outline.

Student: OK, I think I can do that.

Teacher: By doing that, you will give the paper structure.

Student: OK, what else?

Teacher: You should support your ideas by adding supporting data.

Student: How do I do that?

Teacher: You can do that by searching for related articles Online.

Student: OK, that should be easy t enough.

Teacher: Also read the rubric. By familiarizing yourself with the details, you will know what to do.

Student: OK, thanks for your help.

Conversation 2

Man: Hey, what are you reading?

Woman: I'm reading how cows contributes to climate change.

Man: Cows! How do they do that?

Woman: By releasing methane gas into the environment.

Man: But, they're cows! I don't see how they can do that.

Woman: They release gas by burping. It says cows burb a lot.

Man: By burping? How strange.

Woman: It also says that farmers cause damage by cutting down trees to make farmland.

Man: Yes, I've heard about that. Cutting down forests does damage by reducing how much trees can absorb C02.

Woman: Yes, and deforestation is also a problem by causing soil erosion.

Man: So, what can we do about it?

Woman: I suppose that we could help by eating less beef.

Man: Yeah, or we could help by buying meat from local organic farms.

Woman: Sounds good. Time to put our best foot forward.

Man: Yes, and to put our money where our mouth is, literally.

Conversation 3

Man: So, what are you doing?

Woman: I'm studying Japanese by watching videos on Netflix.

Man: That's interesting, but it must be difficult.

Woman: it is, but I can follow along by reading the captions.

Man: Oh, do you mean the English subtitles?

Woman: No, the captions. I hear it and read the Japanese text simultaneously. By doing so, I can catch a lot.

Man: That sounds like a good strategy. I should try that to learn French.

Woman: Oh, you are learning French.

Man: Yes, but just by using some vocabulary apps on my phone.

Woman: Well, you might learn more by checking out some video online. There are lots on Youtube.

Man: Or by using your Netflix account.

Woman: Not a chance. Nice try though.

Man: Well, no one ever got anything by not asking.

Woman: True. I'll give you that.

Conversation 4

Woman: How do you like your food?

Man: It's good, but I'm not used to eating vegetarian food.

Woman: You should become a vegetarian. There are many health benefits to doing so.

Man: Yes, that's true, but I love eating meat. It tastes so good.

Woman: I understand, but by changing your diet, you can explore lots of new dishes.

Man: Yeah, I know, but I work out a lot, and I am afraid that by giving up meat, I'll lose lots of key nutrients.

Woman: I assume you are referring to protein. Well, just by eating beans and nuts you can get all the protein you need.

Man: Perhaps, but I also worry about missing out at social gatherings, like barbecues, picnics, and parties.

Woman: Yes, I see your point, but by being a vegetarian, you open yourself to new social situations.

Man: Yeah, I guess you're right. I will give it some thought.

Woman: Take your time. Rome wasn't built in a day, as they say.